Average adults in the US consume 77 g of sugar every year. This amount is more than double the recommended amount of sugar. As a society, we likely consume more sugar than we need to. It is a common belief that cancer cells feed on sugar. Therefore, cutting sugar in diet can seem like an easy fix to stopping cancer growth. The reality, however, is more complicated. All cells, including healthy cells, need glucose to function. The problem is not the presence of glucose in the body, but rather its overconsumption leading to health problems such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, which can increase the risk of developing cancer.
Indirect links between sugar and cancer
There are many ways in which added sugars can increase the risk of cancer. Foods and drinks high in sugar are often high in calories, and having too many calories can lead to weight gain. Overweight and obesity are linked to an increased risk of many types of cancer. Consuming large amounts of sugar can lead to higher insulin levels in the body, thus promoting cancer growth. High-sugar diets can lead to inflammation, which is also a potential risk factor for cancer. High-sucrose or high-fructose diets have been shown to activate several pathways, such as inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism, that may contribute to cancer development. There is strong evidence linking added sugar and metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for cancer.
Does sugar directly cause cancer?
Research has indicated a potential link between excessive sugar intake and an increased risk of developing cancer, as well as progression of the disease. This association appears to exist independently of the connection between sugar and obesity. However, more human clinical trials are needed to confirm whether sugar can increase cancer development and progression independently of its established role in causing obesity.
Therefore, while there isn’t a proven direct link between sugar and cancer, a diet low in added sugars and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can contribute to overall health and reduce the risk of various diseases, including cancer.
Some practical tips to eat smarter
In conclusion, although it has not been definitively proven that sugar causes cancer directly, a high-sugar diet can lead to obesity and other health problems, which are associated with an increased risk of developing several types of cancer. Therefore balance and moderation are keys in maintaining a healthy diet. Try to prioritize natural sugars (as found in fruits) over added sugars. Try to look at nutritional labels and review the amount of added sugar in packaged foods. Whole, unprocessed foods tend to have less or no added sugar, as compared to packaged, refined, processed foods. Portion control is another key aspect that can help minimize the amount of added sugar in food.
Finally, food is a joy of life. Eat a balanced diet, and choose wisely!
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